THE IMPACT OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v10i18.0859

Abstract

Today, generative artificial intelligence (AI) represents a profound shift in education worldwide. Its influence is particularly notable during high school, a crucial stage where young people mature cognitively, define their academic profile, and prepare for college. The main purpose of this paper is to thoroughly evaluate how this technology affects academic performance. To achieve this, we detail its pedagogical advantages, the dangers of unsupervised use, and the institutional requirements needed for proper integration. Methodologically, we applied a qualitative and exploratory approach through a systematic literature review. To do this, we analyzed research published in prestigious, high-impact databases between 2023 and 2026. The findings show that AI has the potential to substantially improve learning by offering highly personalized education. This tool acts as a virtual tutor that provides instant feedback and helps overcome comprehension difficulties. However, we also uncovered concerning challenges: students' tendency to over-rely on technology (known as "cognitive offloading"), academic dishonesty, algorithmic biases, and the decline of critical thinking skills. In conclusion, the benefits of AI do not appear on their own. Its real impact depends on how teachers adapt their lessons, the level of digital literacy among educators and students, and the creation of institutional policies that ensure ethical, reflective, and responsible use in the classroom.

Keywords: generative artificial intelligence; academic performance; high school; adaptive learning; educational technology; digital literacy.