EFECTIVIDAD DE LA ATROPINA A BAJA CONCENTRACIÓN PARA CONTROLAR LA PROGRESIÓN DE LA MIOPÍA INFANTIL: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y METAANÁLISIS

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

atropina; baja concentración; miopía infantil; longitud axial; equivalente esférico; revisión sistemática; metaanálisis; PRISMA 2020

Resumen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v10i19.0975

Resumen

Introducción: La miopía infantil constituye un problema de salud visual creciente, asociado a mayor riesgo de miopía alta y complicaciones retinianas en la vida adulta. La atropina tópica en concentraciones bajas, especialmente 0,01%, 0,025% y 0,05%, ha sido propuesta para enlentecer la progresión refractiva y la elongación axial, con menor incidencia de fotofobia y dificultad acomodativa que las concentraciones tradicionales. 1,4,6,8 Objetivo: Sintetizar la efectividad y seguridad de la atropina a baja concentración para controlar la progresión de la miopía infantil, mediante revisión sistemática con síntesis cualitativa de 25 estudios clínicos/reportes relevantes y metaanálisis principal de ensayos con atropina 0,01% comparada con placebo. Métodos: Se elaboró una revisión sistemática siguiendo PRISMA 2020. Se consideraron estudios en niños y adolescentes con miopía o pre-miopía tratados con atropina <0,05%, sola o en combinación con ortoqueratología, con desenlaces de equivalente esférico, longitud axial, incidencia de miopía o seguridad. Para el metaanálisis principal se incluyeron nueve ensayos aleatorizados con atropina 0,01% frente a placebo y datos comparables. Se aplicó modelo de efectos aleatorios de DerSimonian-Laird usando diferencias medias anuales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 25 estudios en síntesis cualitativa y nueve ensayos en metaanálisis. La atropina 0,01% mostró una reducción modesta, pero estadísticamente significativa, de la progresión refractiva frente a placebo (diferencia media anual: 0.14 D; IC95%: 0.05 a 0.23; I=66%). También redujo la elongación axial (diferencia media anual: -0.05 mm; IC95%: -0.07 a -0.02; I=27%). Los estudios LAMP sugieren una respuesta dependiente de dosis, con mayor eficacia de 0,05% frente a 0,025% y 0,01%, aunque con mayor probabilidad de efectos pupilométricos. 8,9,12,14,31 Conclusiones: La atropina a baja concentración es una intervención farmacológica eficaz y generalmente tolerable para el control de la miopía infantil. La concentración 0,01% ofrece beneficios promedio pequeños; 0,05% parece aportar mayor control, especialmente en niños pequeños, progresores rápidos o con elongación axial significativa. La decisión clínica debe individualizarse según edad, velocidad de progresión, longitud axial, tolerabilidad, adherencia y contexto familiar.

Palabras claves: atropina; baja concentración; miopía infantil; longitud axial; equivalente esférico; revisión sistemática; metaanálisis; PRISMA 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood myopia is a growing vision health issue associated with an increased risk of high myopia and retinal complications in adulthood. Low-concentration topical atropine—specifically 0.01%, 0.025%, and 0.05%—has been proposed to slow refractive progression and axial elongation, while causing a lower incidence of photophobia and accommodative difficulties compared to traditional concentrations. 1,4,6,8  Objective: To synthesize the effectiveness and safety of low-concentration atropine in controlling childhood myopia progression through a systematic review with a qualitative synthesis of 25 relevant clinical studies/reports and a primary meta-analysis of trials comparing 0.01% atropine with placebo. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies involving children and adolescents with myopia or pre-myopia treated with atropine <0.05% (alone or combined with orthokeratology) were considered; outcomes included spherical equivalent, axial length, myopia incidence, or safety. The primary meta-analysis included nine randomized trials comparing 0.01% atropine with placebo that provided comparable data. A DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was applied using annual mean differences. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and nine trials were included in the meta-analysis. Atropine 0.01% demonstrated a modest yet statistically significant reduction in refractive progression compared to placebo (annual mean difference: 0.14 D; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.23; I=66%). It also reduced axial elongation (annual mean difference: -0.05 mm; 95% CI: -0.07 to -0.02; I=27%). LAMP studies suggest a dose-dependent response, with greater efficacy at 0.05% compared to 0.025% and 0.01%, albeit with a higher likelihood of pupillary effects. 8,9,12,14,31 Conclusions: Low-concentration atropine is an effective and generally well-tolerated pharmacological intervention for controlling childhood myopia. The 0.01% concentration offers modest average benefits; 0.05% appears to provide greater control, particularly in young children, rapid progressors, or those with significant axial elongation. Clinical decisions should be individualized based on age, rate of progression, axial length, tolerability, adherence, and family context.

Keywords: atropine; low concentration; childhood myopia; axial length; spherical equivalent; systematic review; meta-analysis; PRISMA 2020.

Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción:
14 de abril de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 22 de junio de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2026.

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Publicado

2026-07-10

Cómo citar

Peñafiel-Miranda, I. S., Maldonado-Procel, C. M., Montero-Abad, B. A., & Solano-Figueroa, M. N. (2026). EFECTIVIDAD DE LA ATROPINA A BAJA CONCENTRACIÓN PARA CONTROLAR LA PROGRESIÓN DE LA MIOPÍA INFANTIL: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y METAANÁLISIS. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA MULTIDISCIPLINARIA ARBITRADA YACHASUN - ISSN: 2697-3456, 10(19), 987–1003. Recuperado a partir de https://editorialibkn.com/index.php/Yachasun/article/view/1056