SIMULACROS DE EMERGENCIAS EN CENTROS DE TRABAJO: PREPARACIÓN PARA LA SEGURIDAD LABORAL
Palabras clave:
Seguridad laboral, Emergencias, SimulacrosResumen
La seguridad laboral es una preocupación fundamental en la gestión de centros de trabajo. Para prepararse adecuadamente para emergencias, muchas organizaciones realizan simulacros. Este artículo de revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo examinar la literatura disponible sobre la eficacia de los simulacros de emergencias en centros de trabajo para la mejora de la seguridad laboral. Se analizaron 14 estudios publicados en los últimos 20 años que abordaron las variables "simulacros de emergencias", "seguridad laboral", "preparación para emergencias", y los resultados sugieren que los simulacros son una herramienta efectiva para preparar a los trabajadores y mejorar la respuesta en situaciones de emergencia. Los simulacros de emergencia son ejercicios planificados que reproducen situaciones de crisis, como incendios, terremotos, fugas de sustancias peligrosas y eventos climáticos extremos, con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta de una organización ante tales circunstancias. Sin embargo, se identificaron áreas de mejora en términos de diseño, implementación y evaluación de los simulacros.
Palabras claves: Seguridad laboral, Emergencias, Simulacros.
Abstract
Occupational safety is a fundamental concern in workplace management. To adequately prepare for emergencies, many organizations conduct drills. This systematic review article aimed to examine the available literature on the effectiveness of workplace emergency drills for improving workplace safety. 14 studies published in the last 20 years addressing the variables "emergency drills", "workplace safety", "emergency preparedness" were analyzed, and the results suggest that drills are an effective tool to prepare workers and improve response in emergency situations. Emergency drills are planned exercises that replicate crisis situations, such as fires, earthquakes, hazardous substance leaks, and extreme weather events, with the aim of evaluating an organization's response to such circumstances. However, areas for improvement were identified in terms of the design, implementation, and evaluation of the drills.
Keywords: Occupational safety, emergencies, drills.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 11 de abril de 2024.
Fecha de aceptación: 28 de junio de 2024.
Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024.
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