IMPACTO DE LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR: ANÁLISIS DE LA EFICACIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN HÍBRIDA. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Palabras clave:
Educación híbrida, Estrategias didácticas, Transformación educativa, Educación superior, Aprendizaje combinadoResumen
Introducción: La adopción de modelos de educación híbrida en las instituciones de educación superior ha transformado significativamente las prácticas educativas. La combinación de enseñanza presencial y en línea ha creado nuevas dinámicas de aprendizaje, accesibilidad y equidad en un contexto post-pandemia, resaltando la importancia de evaluar su impacto a largo plazo. Objetivo: Evaluar cómo la implementación de la educación híbrida ha afectado la eficacia en la educación superior, considerando aspectos como la calidad del aprendizaje, la accesibilidad, la equidad, el bienestar estudiantil y la adaptación tecnológica. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la declaración PRISMA 2020. Se seleccionaron estudios relevantes a través de bases de datos científicas reconocidas como Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y PubMed. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión rigurosos para filtrar los artículos. Los datos extraídos fueron analizados cualitativamente para identificar los principales avances y desafíos en la implementación de la educación híbrida. Resultados: La calidad del aprendizaje varió ampliamente entre instituciones. Algunas lograron mantener o mejorar los resultados educativos mediante la incorporación de tecnologías digitales, mientras que otras enfrentaron barreras debido a la falta de recursos y preparación tecnológica. La accesibilidad también presentó disparidades significativas: estudiantes con acceso a tecnologías adecuadas pudieron participar plenamente, mientras que aquellos en áreas desfavorecidas encontraron obstáculos considerables. En términos de equidad, la pandemia acentuó las desigualdades existentes. Muchos estudiantes experimentaron niveles elevados de estrés, ansiedad y aislamiento, afectando su bienestar. Conclusiones: La educación híbrida tiene el potencial de transformar positivamente la educación superior, pero su eficacia está condicionada por la preparación tecnológica y el apoyo institucional disponible. La inversión en infraestructura tecnológica y programas de capacitación para docentes es crucial para maximizar sus beneficios y minimizar sus desafíos.
Palabras claves: Educación híbrida, Estrategias didácticas, Transformación educativa, Educación superior, Aprendizaje combinado.
Abstract
Introduction: The adoption of hybrid education models in higher education institutions has significantly transformed educational practices. The combination of face-to-face and online teaching has created new dynamics in learning, accessibility, and equity in a post-pandemic context, highlighting the importance of evaluating its long-term impact. Objective: To evaluate how the implementation of hybrid education has affected the effectiveness in higher education, considering aspects such as learning quality, accessibility, equity, student well-being, and technological adaptation. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 statement. Relevant studies were selected from recognized scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and PubMed. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to filter the articles. Extracted data were qualitatively analyzed to identify the main advances and challenges in implementing hybrid education. Results: Findings show that learning quality varied widely among institutions. Some managed to maintain or improve educational outcomes through the incorporation of digital technologies, while others faced barriers due to lack of resources and technological preparedness. Accessibility also showed significant disparities: students with adequate access to technologies could fully participate, while those in disadvantaged areas faced considerable obstacles. In terms of equity, the pandemic accentuated existing inequalities. Many students experienced high levels of stress, anxiety, and isolation, affecting their well-being. Conclusions: Hybrid education has the potential to positively transform higher education, but its effectiveness is conditioned by the available technological preparedness and institutional support. Investment in technological infrastructure and training programs for teachers is crucial to maximize its benefits and minimize its challenges.
Keywords: Hybrid education, Didactic strategies, Educational transformation, Higher education, Blended learning.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 11 de abril de 2024.
Fecha de aceptación: 28 de junio de 2024.
Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024.
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